Network Model

Activity
Research network models: OSI Model and TCP/IP. Provide the following:

• Describe the purpose of each model
• Diagram
• Describe each layer of both model
• Identify the protocols for each layer

OSI Model

• It is an Open Systems Interconnection model
• The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems.
• There are seven (7) layers:
• Application - the layer in which is the closest to the end user. Any application that work in this layer are the ones that users interact directly. Examples: Web browser (Google Chrome)
• Presentation - it is the area that is independent of data representation at the application layer. It represents the preparation of application format to network format. 
• Session - it involve setup, coordination and termination between the application at each of the session
• Transport - it deals with the data transfer between end systems and hosts. 
• Network - it responsible for packet forwarding. 
• Data Link - this layer provides node-to-node data transfer and it also handles error correction from the physical layer
• Physical - this includes the cable type, radio frequency link. When there is a networking problem occurs, they will check at the physical layer to check that all of the cables are connected properly and the power plug is not pulled from the router, switch or computer.

TCP/IP

• It is Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
• It is a network model that is used in the current Internet architecture
• There are four (4) layers:
• Application - it is the top of the protocol stack. It allows peer entities to carry conversation. 
• Transport - the data transmission can be in parallel or in a single path
• Internet - it is the layer which holds the whole architecture. It also helps the packet to travel independently to reach its destination. The protocol used in this layer is the Internet Protocol. 
• Network Access Layer - it is the lowest layer. The protocol is used to connect to the host so the packet can be sent

References:

Techopedia.com. (2018). What is the OSI Model? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24205/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi-model [Accessed 25 Apr. 2018].

Shaw, K. (2018). The OSI model explained: How to understand (and remember) the 7 layer network model . [online] Network World. Available at: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3239677/lan-wan/the-osi-model-explained-how-to-understand-and-remember-the-7-layer-network-model.html [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Remoteutilities.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.remoteutilities.com/images/blog/osi-model.jpg [Accessed 25 Apr. 2018].

Studytonight.com. (2018). Introduction to TCP/IP Reference Model | Studytonight. [online] Available at: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/tcp-ip-reference-model [Accessed 25 Apr. 2018].

Network Topologies

Choose at least Five (5) different network topologies. Provide the following:

• Description
• Diagram
• 2 advantages & 2 disadvantages 

Network Topologies

• It is an arrangement which computer systems or network devices is connected to each other.
• There are two (2) types of topologies, physical and logical

Logical Topologies:

• It is how devices appear to be connected to the user

Physical Topologies:

• It is how they are interconnected with wires and cables

Different Network Topologies:

1. Point-to-point topology
2. Bus topology
3. Star topology
4. Ring topology
5. Mesh topology
6. Tree topology

Point-to-point topology

• It is where two (2) devices is connected
• It is also where two (2) hosts (computer and switch) is connected back to back by using a single piece of cable. 

Bus topology

• It is when all devices shares a single communication line or cable
• In bus topology, there will have a problem while the hosts is sending the data at the same time
• If one of the connection or communication line is fail, then it can make all other devices to stop communicating. 

Star topology

• It is connected to a central device that is known as hub.
• Many devices are connected to only one (1) hub or switch. 
• The problem is when only one (1) switch, if the switch is broken then there is no connection between the hosts. 

Ring topology

• Each host machine connects to two other machines creating a circular network structure.
• The advantages: 

1. If one (1) device is fail, then there is another way to send the message
2. Sending of the message is faster because the cable is only use by the centre
3. If you want to connect one (1) host (computer), it is easy to find the cable and add another one. 

• The disadvantages:

1. Sending documents by using token ring but if the token ring is full, then it must wait or queue up.
2. The message that is being send may be read by other devices

Mesh topology

• The host is connected to one or multiple hosts
• (Advantages) There are many ways to send the message
• (Advantages) Fast flow because there are more cables is being used.
• (Disadvantage) It is very expensive to set up 
• In mesh topology, there are many point-to-point connection
• There comes in full or partial (types of mesh)

Full Mesh

• All hosts have point-to-point connection to every other host in the network
• It provides more reliable network

Partial Mesh

• Not all host are connected to each other.

Tree topology

• Also known as hierarchical topology
• Most common form of network topology use
• (Advantage) It is fast
• (Advantage) Suitable for office use
• (Disadvantage) It is expensive

References:

Anon

Mplsnet.files.wordpress.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://mplsnet.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/p2p1.png [Accessed 18 Apr. 2018].

Website

Anon

3.bp.blogspot.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBoC_gDlNlY4UO9-9WnoW9AmQD274y4CzGB6rdQyqtBUM7niFqvIqP_vcxVeRraofAki2WQqK8O1akasjIRbhCVBepTBA-0jhLmB24Td6rYWxOyFYS7hga96iK2sPrbLZ_BAtJtQrRUvqw/s1600/Bus+topology.JPG [Accessed 18 Apr. 2018].

Anon

Solarexinstitute.com.ng. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.solarexinstitute.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/lW0Xvyc.jpg [Accessed 18 Apr. 2018].

Anon

Fossbytes.com. (2018). [online] Available at: http://fossbytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Ring-topology.jpg [Accessed 18 Apr. 2018].

Anon

Networking-basics.net. (2018). [online] Available at: http://www.networking-basics.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Mesh-Topology-282x300.jpg [Accessed 18 Apr. 2018].

Anon

I0.wp.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://i0.wp.com/jharaphula.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/tree-topology.jpg [Accessed 18 Apr. 2018].

Computer Network LAN Lab 8

Activity:
Designing A LAN for Lab 8

Types of Network

Group members:
Nurzawanah Aqilah
Erra Aziemah

Research at least FOUR (4) different types of network.

Network is when two components that are connected together to share resources or information, for example exchange files.

Types of network:

1. Local Area Network (LAN)
It is a network that work inside a building used to communicate with each computer.
LAN works for two or three users or several hundred users in a larger office.
For instance, small office network.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A network that works in one city.
A MAN connect geographically separated LANs.
Example, in a university.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
It covers a large geographic area.
WAN links more than one LAN and is utilize for larger geographical area.
Example, country or state

4. Personal Area Network (PAN)
It is a interconnection of devices within our range.
It works wirelessly connected through wireless internet.
Example: bluetooth speaker

References:

Cfile30.uf.tistory.com. (2018). [online] Available at: http://cfile30.uf.tistory.com/image/24439B33575F59232363E6  [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

Gyanmenia.com. (2018). [online] Available at: http://www.gyanmenia.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/MAN-1.jpg [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

Netprivateer.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.netprivateer.com/images/lanwan.gif [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

Conceptdraw.com. (2018). [online] Available at: http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/picture/personal-area-network.png  [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

Shaw (2013). Types of computer network. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/amitdrtc/types-of-computer-network-18102582 [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

SearchNetworking. (2018). What is local area network (LAN)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/local-area-network-LAN [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

FreeWimaxInfo.com. (2016). What is Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) how its works - types - Advantages | FreeWimaxInfo.com. [online] Available at: http://freewimaxinfo.com/metropolitan-area-network-man.html [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

prezi.com. (2018). LANs MANs WANs. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/6zagxe4d9jzf/lans-mans-wans/ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

Techopedia.com. (2018). What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5409/wide-area-network-wan[Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].

Rasool (2017). Personal Area Network. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/faizanhussain14/personal-area-network-75103991 [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018].